【合川釣魚(yú)城】穿越歷史烽煙的文化遺產(chǎn)

釣魚(yú)城簡(jiǎn)介

釣魚(yú)城，是迄今我國(guó)保存最完好的古戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)遺址，國(guó)家級(jí)風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)、全國(guó)重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位、國(guó)家AAAA級(jí)旅游景區(qū)。因南宋末年合州軍民抗擊蒙（元）傾國(guó)之師36年，歷經(jīng)大小戰(zhàn)斗200余次，戰(zhàn)死蒙哥大汗，延緩南宋滅亡，緩解歐亞戰(zhàn)禍，影響世界中古歷史而聞名中外！

“九口鍋”遺址

Site of the Nine Pots

遠(yuǎn)古遺跡——釣魚(yú)臺(tái)

Diao Yu Tai, the ancient fishing place

暗道出口——皇洞

exit of secret pathway—— the Huangdong Tunnel

城南城垣

City Wall of the Southern Part of the City

地理位置

釣魚(yú)城遺址位于中國(guó)重慶市合川區(qū)東城半島東北部海拔186～391.22米的釣魚(yú)山上。地理位置為東經(jīng)106°17′32″～106°19′22″，北緯29°59′30″～30°1′15″。其地當(dāng)嘉陵江、渠江、涪江之口，控扼三江，自古為“巴蜀要沖”。

The site of Diaoyucheng Fortress islocated on the Diaoyushan Hill (391.22 m above sea level) in the northeast part of the peninsula inthe eastern urban area of Hechuan District, Chongqing, China, between 106°17’ 32”～106°19’ 22” E and 29°59’ 30”～30°1’ 15” N. As it stands at the meeting point of the Jialing, the Qujiang and the Fujiang rivers, it has beenknown as the Vital Strategic Point of Eastern Sichuan since ancient times.

釣魚(yú)城環(huán)境示意圖

Location Map of the Diaoyucheng City

東城遺址

Site of the Eastern Part of the City

城南一角

A Corner in the Southern Part of the City

城下嘉陵江

Jialing River under the City

歷史背景

7個(gè)多世紀(jì)前的南宋晚期，四川安撫制置使兼知重慶府余玠為抵御蒙古鐵騎的進(jìn)攻，采納播州（今貴州遵義）冉琎、冉璞兄弟的建議，在釣魚(yú)山筑城，并將合州及石照縣的軍、政機(jī)構(gòu)移至城內(nèi)，屯兵積糧，以作重慶、夔州的屏障，四川山城防御體系的重要支柱。

During the latterperiod of the Southern Song Dynasty more than seven centuries ago, in order toblock the advance of the invading Mongolian army, Yu Jie, military commander ofSichuan and administrator of Chongqing, following the advice of Ran Jin and RanPu, two brothers from Bozhou prefecture (ancient name for Zunyi, GuizhouProvince today), built city walls on the Diaoyushan Hill and made it a city,moving military and administrative offices of Hezhou Prefecture and ShizhaoCounty into the city, stationing troops and stocking up with grain and othersupplies here. Thus the new city became a strongscreen protecting Chongqing and Kuizhou and avery important part of the defense system for Sichuanand Chongqing.

西北外城一角

A Corner in the Outer City Northwest of the Diaoyucheng City

蜿蜒的城垣

winding city wall

唐代懸空臥佛

Suspended Reclining Buddha of the Tang Dynasty

戰(zhàn)事概述

從公元1243年到1279年，南宋合州軍民在守將王堅(jiān)、張玨的率領(lǐng)下，憑籍釣魚(yú)城天險(xiǎn)，運(yùn)用“以攻為守，主動(dòng)出擊”、“耕戰(zhàn)結(jié)合，堅(jiān)持抗戰(zhàn)”的戰(zhàn)略戰(zhàn)術(shù)，歷經(jīng)大小戰(zhàn)斗兩百余次，抵御了當(dāng)時(shí)世界上最強(qiáng)大的軍事力量——蒙、元精銳之師，實(shí)現(xiàn)了“控制交通大動(dòng)脈——嘉陵江”、“屏蔽蒙、元大軍出川通道”的戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)，創(chuàng)造了守城抗戰(zhàn)36年這一古今中外戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)史上罕見(jiàn)的奇跡。1259年，蒙哥汗（元憲宗）在御駕親征釣魚(yú)城之戰(zhàn)中戰(zhàn)死，導(dǎo)致了征戰(zhàn)南宋鄂州的忽必烈和進(jìn)軍北非的旭烈兀大軍的全面回撤，阻止了歐亞領(lǐng)地蒙古諸親王枕戈待發(fā)，掃蕩整個(gè)歐洲的擴(kuò)張浪潮。由此，釣魚(yú)城以改寫(xiě)世界中古歷史的英雄之城馳名中外。

From 1243 to 1279 A.D., under the command of Wang Jian and ZhangJue, two generals of Southern Song, with the defense works of the DiaoyuchengCity, the army and people of Hezhou (ancient name for Hechuan today), defendingthemselves by attacking the enemy and tilling their land between battles for aprotracted war, fought more than two hundred battles and blocked the advance ofthe crack troops of the Mongolian army of the Yuan Empire, the strongest armyin the world at the time. They realized the two strategic objectives of controllingthe Jialing River,a transportation artery in this part of the country, and stopping theMongolian troops from going out of Sichuanto other parts of the country. They stood before the mighty enemy, and defendedtheir homeland for 36 years, making a wonder in the world history of war. In1259, Mongke the Great Khan, or Emperor Xianzong of the Yuan Empire, was killedin a battle in the Diaoyucheng City, causing the invading Mongolian troops towithdraw from centralChinaand northern Africa, and checking the advance of Mongolian troops in Europe. Having rewritten world history of the thirteenthcentury, the Diaoyucheng City in Hechuan has been well-known inChinaand abroad as a heroic city against invaders.

出奇門(mén)遺址

Site of the Chuqimen Gate

三圣巖與民國(guó)，“古釣魚(yú)城”石刻

千年古剎——護(hù)國(guó)寺

Hu Guo Si, Temple Safeguarding the Country

石照縣衙大堂

Government office of Shizhao County

評(píng)介

釣魚(yú)城具有厚重的歷史文化積淀、豐富的旅游資源和良好的自然生態(tài)環(huán)境，是重慶獲“國(guó)家級(jí)風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)”、“全國(guó)重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位”殊榮的游覽勝地。在釣魚(yú)城上，現(xiàn)存有總長(zhǎng)8公里的城垣、8座城門(mén)，以及炮臺(tái)、墩臺(tái)、棧道、暗道出口、水軍碼頭、兵工作坊、武道衙門(mén)、軍營(yíng)、較場(chǎng)、皇宮、天池、泉井等南宋軍事及生活設(shè)施遺址；有遠(yuǎn)古遺跡釣魚(yú)臺(tái)、唐代懸空臥佛、千佛崖、彌勒站佛、800年古桂樹(shù)、天泉洞、薄刀嶺、三龜石、護(hù)國(guó)寺、忠義祠、三圣巖、魚(yú)城煙雨、魚(yú)山八景等名勝古跡；還有文天祥、劉克莊、楊慎、陳毅、郭沫若、周谷城、張愛(ài)萍、劉白羽等歷代名家的吟詠以及蔣中正、何應(yīng)欽、張治中等國(guó)民黨軍政要人的摩崖題記。1987年以來(lái)，江澤民、李鵬等國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人也曾先后到釣魚(yú)城參觀考察，對(duì)釣魚(yú)城豐富的歷史文化內(nèi)涵和“山、水、城合一”的自然美景給予了高度的評(píng)價(jià)。

With its profound historical andcultural heritage, rich tourism resources and fine natural ecologicalenvironment, the Diaoyucheng City in Hechuan is the only tourist resort in Chongqing entitled as “anational scenic resort” and “a key cultural heritage site under State protection”.In the City, one may find a city wall totaling 8 kilometers, 8 gates, andmilitary and living facilities such as ancient batteries, abutment foundations,plank roads built along cliff faces, exit of secretpathway, dock for water-borne forces, ordnance workshops, ancient military andgovernment offices, site of military camps, military drilling ground, theimperial palace, the “heavenly pool”, and ancient wells. There were otherplaces of historical interest, such as site of the ancient fishing place,suspended reclining Buddha of the Tang Dynasty, the Thousand-Buddha Grotto, standingstatue of Buddha Maitreya, an 800-year old sweet-scented osmanthus tree,Tianquandong (the Heavenly Spring Cave), Baodaoling (the Thin Sword Ridge), theThree-Tortoise Stone, the Huguosi Buddhist Temple, the Memorial Temple of Loyaltyand Brotherhood, the Rock of Three Sages, Diaoyucheng City in Rain, and theEight Scenic Spots of the Diaoyushan Hill. There are poems and calligraphicworks by noted historical figures such as Wen Tianxiang, Liu Kezhuang, YangShen, Chen Yi, Guo Moruo, Zhou Gucheng, Zhang Aiping, Liu Baiyu, and there arealso inscriptions carved on cliff faces by important generals and officials ofthe Kuomintang, including Chiang Kaishek, He Yingqin, and Zhang Zhizhong. Since1987, a number of State leaders have visited the Diaoyucheng Cityon their inspection tours, including Jiang Zemin, Li Peng, Zeng Qinghong, HeGuoqiang, Luo Gan, Wang Yang, Qian Zhengying, Zheng Wantong, Zou Jiahua, andZeng Peiyan. They all highly praised the historic and cultural significance ofthe City and its beautiful scenery.

護(hù)國(guó)門(mén)砲座遺址

Site of batteries

東新門(mén)砲臺(tái)遺址

Site of the Battery near the Dongxinmen Gate

西市晚煙

the Evening Cooking Smoke over the Western Marketplace

（內(nèi)容來(lái)自合川旅游）

釣魚(yú)城的對(duì)面是花灘國(guó)際新城

花灘國(guó)際新城，站在城市高度，重新規(guī)劃合川生活版圖。4000畝康養(yǎng)生活大城，建筑體量300萬(wàn)方，以合川前所未有的恢弘鉅作，描繪未來(lái)中心的繁榮景象。

項(xiàng)目規(guī)劃建設(shè)高檔住宅區(qū)及全方位生活配套設(shè)施，未來(lái)居住人口愈10萬(wàn)。目前擁有丁香郡、花漫里、御榕莊等全系產(chǎn)品形態(tài)，滿足不同圈層的需求。項(xiàng)目二期工程（洋房、別墅）即將面市，濱江主題商業(yè)亦將同期震撼亮相。項(xiàng)目8大核心價(jià)值支撐，許合川一個(gè)美好未來(lái)。

Flower Beach International Metro, standing in the city height, re planning the living territory of Hechuan. Raised 4000 acres of Kang City, building volume 3 million, in Hechuan unprecedented grand huge depicting Center for the future of prosperity.

Project planning and construction of high-grade residential area and the full range of living facilities, the future of the living population 100000. At present, Ding Xiangjun has spent in the village, Yu Rong diffuse all product form, to meet the different needs of circle. The two phase of the project engineering (villa, villa) forthcoming, the theme of Binjiang commercial will shock debut the same period. Project 8 core values support, Xu Hechuan a bright future.